Fibrinolytic Agents for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Keywords:
fibrinolytic agents, acute coronary syndrome, ACSAbstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cause by plaque rupture or plaque erosion in the coronary arteries. This stimulates the formation of blood clots in the area of rupture or tearing.causing a blockage of the coronary arteries. This can eventually lead to myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. Currently, coronary artery opening is performed by using a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to dilate the blood vessel with a balloon and inserting a stent immediately to open the way for blood to flow as quickly as possible. It is classified as an effective treatment and should be the first line of treatment in patients with acute coronary artery disease ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 2 hours. The use of fibrinolytic agents to dissolve blood clots in the area of the blockage is considered an important therapeutic breakthrough, especially true in medical facilities where it is not possible to refer patients for cardiac catheterization within 2 hours. to reduce the risk of death. However, due to the fibrinolytic agents may cause serious side effects such as bleeding.hypotension and allergic response, the contraindications and precautions should be evaluated before each use of the drug. After receiving thrombolytic drugs, the patient should be referred for cardiac catheterization and definited treatment.
References
Wong GC, Morrow DA, Murphy S, Kraimer N, Pai R, James D, et al. Elevations in troponin T and I are associated with abnormal tissue level perfusion: a TACTICS-TIMI 18 substudy. Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2002;106:202-7.
Payel Bhattacharjee and Debasish Bhattacharyya (2014). An Insight into the Abnormal Fibrin Clots — Its Pathophysiological Roles, Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis, Dr. Krasimir Kolev (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/57335. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fibrinolysis-and-thrombolysis/an-insight-into-the-abnormal-fibrin-clots-its-pathophysiological-roles
Sikri N, Bardia A. A history of streptokinase use in acute myocardial infarction. Tex Heart Inst J 2007;34:318-27.
Wander GS, Chhabra ST. Critical analysis of various drugs used for thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Medicine update [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jul 21];23:[8 pages]. Available from: http://www.apiindia.org/content_mu_2013.html
Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto infarction (GISSI). Lancet 1986;1:397-402.
ISIS-2 (Secondary International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acuts myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988;2:349-60.
Squire IB, Lawley W, Fletcher AL, Holme E, Hillis WS, Hewitt C, et al. Humoral and cellular immune response up to 7.5 years after administration of streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1245-52.
The GUSTO investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-82.
Holmes DR Jr, Califf RM, Topol EJ. Lessons we have learned from the GUSTO trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:10S-17S.
The GUSTO angiographic investigators. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1615-22.
Anderson HV, Willerson JT. Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:703-9.
Kalyan NK, Lee SG, Wilhelm J, Fu KP, Hum WT, Rappaport R, et al. Structure-function analysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Effect of deletion of NH2-terminal domains on its biochemical and biological properties. J Biol Chem 1988;263:3971-8.
Califf RM, White HD, Van de Werf, Sadowski Z, Armstrong PW, Vahanian A, et al. One-year results from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial. GUSTO-I Investigators. Circulation 1996;94:1233-8.
Berkowitz SD, Granger CB, Pieper KS, Lee KL, Gore JM, Simoons M, et al. Incidence and predictors of bleeding after contemporary thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) I investigators. Circulation 1997;95:2508-16.
Gore JM, Granger CB, Simoons ML, Sloan MA, Weaver WD, White HD, et al. Stroke after thrombolysis. Mortality and functional outcomes in the GUSTO-I trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries. Circulation 1995;92:2811-8.
Puvis JA, Booth NA, Wilson CM, Adgey AA, McCluskey DR. Anaphylactoid reaction after injection of alteplase. Lancet 1993;341:966-7.
Wu Z, Van de Werf F, Stassen T, MattssonC, Pohl G, Collen D. Pharmacokinetics and coronary thrombolytic properties of two human tissue-type plasminogen activator variants lacking the finger-like, growth factor-like, and first kringle domains (amino acid 6-173) in a canine model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16:197-203.
Smalling RW, Bode C, Kalbfleisch J, Sen S, Limbourg P, Forycki F, et al. More rapid, complete, and stable coronary thrombolysis with bolus administration of reteplase compared with alteplase infusion in acute myocardial infarction. RAPID investigators. Circulation 1995;91:2725-32.
Bode C, Smalling RW, Berg G, Burnett C, Lorch G, Kalbfleisch JM, et al. Randomized comparison of coronary thrombolysis achieved with double-bolus reteplase (recombinant plasminogen activator) and front-loaded, accelerated alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The RAPID II investigators. Circulation 1996;94:891-8.
The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO III) investigators. A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1118-23.
Topol EJ, Ohman EM, Armstrong PW, Wilcox R, Skene AM, Aylward P, et al. Survival outcomes 1 year after reperfusion therapy with either alteplase or reteplase for acute myocardial infarction: results from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) III Trial. Circulation 2000;102:1761-5.
Tanswell P, Modi N, Combs D, Danays T. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase in fibrinolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41:1229-45.
Gibson CM, Marble SJ. Issues in the assessment of the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase (TNK-tPA). Clin Cardiol 2001;24:577-84.
Cannon CP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Adgey AA, Schweiger MJ, Sequeira RF, et al. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B investigators. Circulation 1998;98:2805-14.
Van de Werf F, Cannon P, Luyten A, Houbracken K, McCabe CH, Berioli S, et al. Safety assessment of single-bolus administration of TNK tissue-plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-1 investigators. Am Heart J 1999;137:786-91.
Van de Werf F, Adgey J, Ardissino D, Armstrong PW, Aylward P, Barbash G, et al. Single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 double-blind randomized trial. Lancet 1999;354:716-22.
Newby LK, Rutsch WR, Califf RM, Simoons ML, Aylward PE, Armstrong PW, et al. Time from symptom onset to treatment and outcomes after thrombolytic therapy. GUSTO-1 investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1646-55.
Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML. Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 1996;348:771-5.
Fox KAA, White HD, Gersh BJ, Opie LH. Antithrombotic agents: platelet inhibitors, acute anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and chronic anticoagulants. In: Opie LH, Gersh BJ, editors. Drugs for the heart. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. p. 332-97.
Rao SV, O’Donoghue ML, Ruel M, Rab T, Tamis-Holland JE, Alexander JH, et al. 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American collage of cardiology/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 2025;151:e771-862.
O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2013;127:e362-425.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพิ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารโรงพยาบาลชลบุรี